A Morphometric Study of Head in the Population of Young Chinese Adults / Estudio Morfométrico de la Cabeza en la Población de Adultos Jóvenes Chinos

SUMMARY: Due to the complexity of head shape, limited 1D or 2D head anthropometry fail to fully capture its shape characteristics. Currently, there is limited research on clustering analysis of head shape from a shape difference perspective, especially for the head shape of Chinese people. Head shape is influenced by factors such as race, sex, and age, making it imperative to create a head shape database for Chinese individuals. In this study, three-dimensional head data of 339 Chinese young adult were collected, and the head shapes were clustered into 7 clusters using an improved k-medoids algorithm. The differences between clusters and the average head shape were further analyzed. It can be foreseen that the head shape database for Chinese young adult constructed in this study has important reference value for the ergonomic design of head-related products and head morphology research, among other fields.

Debido a la complejidad de la forma de la cabeza, la antropometría limitada de ésta, en 1D o 2D, no logra capturar completamente sus características de forma. Actualmente, existen estudios limitados sobre el análisis de agrupamiento de la forma de la cabeza, desde una perspectiva de diferencia de forma, especialmente en el caso de la población china. La forma de la cabeza está influenciada por factores como la raza, el sexo y la edad, por lo que resulta imperativo crear una base de datos sobre la forma de la cabeza de los individuos chinos. En este estudio, se recopilaron datos tridimensionales de la cabeza de 339 adultos jóvenes chinos, y las formas de la cabeza se agruparon en 7 grupos utilizando un algoritmo k-medoids mejorado. Las diferencias entre los grupos y la forma promedio de la cabeza se analizaron a profundidad. Se puede prever que la base de datos sobre la forma de la cabeza de adultos jóvenes chinos construida en este estudio, tiene un valor de referencia importante para el diseño ergonómico de productos relacionados con la morfología de la cabeza, entre otros campos.

Monitoring of iodine nutrition level of children in Luohu District, Shenzhen from 2018 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the iodine nutrition status of school children aged 8-10 years in Luohu District of Shenzhen City, so as to provide basis for scientific iodine supplement for special population in the district.@*Methods@#From 2018 to 2022, edible salt and random urine samples of non boarding students aged 8-10 years Luohu District of Shenzhen were collected for iodine content detection and follow up investigation. Meanwhile, thyroid volume was measured by ultrasonography.@*Results@#From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1 000 salt samples were tested, of which the median salt iodine content was 26.2 mg/kg, the edible rate of iodized salt was 90.3%, and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt was 84.0%. The median urinary iodine of children was 201 μg/L. The proportion of iodine undernutrition in children who consumed qualified iodized salt was 11.0%, and the proportion of iodine undernutrition in children who consumed unqualified iodized salt was 35.0%. The goiter rate ranged from 1.0% to 2.5% between 2018 and 2022.@*Conclusion@#The rate of qualified iodine coverage and goiter of children aged 8-10 in the district reached the national standard for iodine deficiency disorders elimination, the median urinary iodine reached the appropriate level of iodine, and the iodine nutritional status was good. The iodine nutritional status of children who eat qualified iodized salt is better than that of children who eat unqualified iodized salt.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with inv(16)/t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) and/or CBFβ-MYH11 / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22), and to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients.@*METHODS@#AML patients with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22) and/or CBFβ-MYH11+ admitted to the Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2008 to October 30, 2019 were retrospective analyzed, the clinical and laboratory indicators, as well as treatment plans and efficacy evaluations of the patients were all recorded. Furthermore, related factors affecting the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of the patients were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among 151 AML patients with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22) and/or CBFβ-MYH11+, the percentage of additional chromosomal abnormalities was about 27.8%, and the most common additional chromosomal abnormality was +22 (33/151, 21.8%), followed by +8 (11/151, 7.3%). There were 112 patients with perfect NGS examination, and the result showed the most common accompanying gene mutations were KIT mutation (34/112, 30.4%) and FLT3 mutation (23/112, 20.5%). Univariate analysis showed that factors affecting EFS included: NE≤0.5×109/L (P=0.006) and combined K-RAS mutation (P=0.002); Factors affecting OS included: Age≥50 years old (P<0.001) and NE≤0.5×109/L (P=0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that NE≤0.5×109/L (P=0.019) was the risk factors affecting OS. The proportion of bone marrow eosinophilia (BME)≥10.00% (P=0.029) was the risk factors affecting EFS.@*CONCLUSION@#The prognosis for those newly diagnosed AML patients who were of advanced age, the high proportion of bone marrow eosinophils, K-RAS mutations, and agranulocytosis is poor. The treatment plans can be adjusted in the early stage to improve the prognosis of such patients.

Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the clinical and Laboratory characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and analyze the prognostic factors.@*METHODS@#Two hundred MM patients were retrospectively analyzed for the following parameters, including peripheral blood, bone marrow morphology, cytogenetics, clinical staging, and response to the chemotherapy in order to summarize related factors affecting overall survival (OS). The prognostic factors were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#200 patients with MM were divided into 3 groups according to bone marrow plasma cell percentage (BMPC%) in bone marrow smears: ＜10% group (74 cases, 37.0%), 10%-50% group (75 cases, 37.5%), ＞50% group (51 cases, 25.5%). Compared with the other two groups, patients in BMPC%<10% group were characterized by lower clinical staging levels, lower rates of 13q14 deletion and t(11;14) positive, better response to chemotherapy and favorable three-year OS rate. The univariate analysis showed that prognostic factors indicating favorable outcome as evaluated by OS included age≤55 years old, BMPC%＜10%, WBC＜7.5×10@*CONCLUSION@#The clinical characteristics are different among MM patients with different BMPC% in bone marrow smears at initial diagnosis, and prognostic analysis shows that the BMPC% in bone marrow smears has an effect on OS rate. BMPC% in bone marrow smears at initial diagnosis, age, WBC, Hb, response to the fourth chemotherapy are also the main factors impacting the prognosis of patients.

Expert consensus on Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules in treatment of peripheral vascular diseases in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules are composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Dendrobii Caulis, Astragali Radix, Scrophulariae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and are effective in promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, supplementing Qi, and nourishing Yin. It is widely used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. With 40 years of clinical application, it has accumulated substantial research data and application experience. Its good clinical efficacy and pharmacoeconomic benefits in improving the clinical symptoms of peripheral vascular diseases have been confirmed by relevant research. Meanwhile, this drug has also been recommended by many expert consensus, guidelines, and teaching materials, serving as one of the most commonly used Chinese patent medicines in clinical practice. To further improve the understanding of the drug among clinicians and properly guide its clinical medication, the China Association of Chinese Medicine took the lead and organized experts to jointly formulate this expert consensus. Based on the questionnaire survey of clinicians and the systematic review of research literature on Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules with clinical problems in the PICO framework, the consensus, combined with expert experience, concludes recommendations or consensus suggestions by GRADE system with the optimal evidence available through the nominal group technique. This consensus defines the indications, usage, dosage, course of treatment, medication time, combined medication, and precautions of Tongsaimai Tablets/Capsules in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases, and explains the safety of its clinical application. It is recommended for clinicians and pharmacists in the peripheral vascular department(vascular surgery), traditional Chinese medicine surgery(general surgery), and endocrinology department of hospitals at all levels in China.

Effect of Tongbiantang on PKA/MPKA Signal Pathway in Colon Tissue of STC Rat Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of Tongbiantang on protein kinase A(PKA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signal pathway in colon tissue of slow transit constipation(STC) rats and its related mechanism. Method: Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group, 20 rats in blank group, 60 rats in model group, half male and half female; blank group was fed with common diet, model group was fed with compound phenylethylpiperidine, after 120 days of modeling, 10 rats in blank group and 20 rats in model group were randomly selected, and 2 rats were determined. Four-hour stool volume, water content and small intestinal charcoal powder propelling rate were observed to observe the number of stool particles retained in colon and evaluate the success of STC rat modeling. After 1 week of drug withdrawal, 40 rats in model group were randomly divided into model group(33 g·kg-1), Tongbiantang group, Tongbiantang+H89 group (PKA signaling pathway blocker,5 mg·kg-1), Tongbiantang+U0126 group (MPKA signaling pathway blocker,0.1 mg·kg-1) each. After 4 weeks of intervention with Tongbiantang, the amount of stool excretion, water content and small intestinal charcoal powder propelling rate were measured in 10 rats, and the number of stool grains in colon was observed. The protein content and mRNA expression in aquaporins 3(AQP3), AQP4, PKA and MAPKs signaling pathways in colon was determined by immunohistochemical staining (IHC), Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). Result: Compared with the blank group, the 24-hour stool volume, fecal water content, small intestinal charcoal propelling rate and the number of fecal particles in colon of rats in the model group were significantly decreased (PPPPPConclusion: Tongbiantang can inhibit the PKA and MPKA signal pathways, thus down-regulate the expression of AQP3 and AQP4, increase intestinal peristalsis and intestinal water, and effectively treat STC.

Effects of Qingjin Granules on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia Mice / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Qingjin Granules on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia mice. Methods Pneumonia model was prepared by intranasal drip of bacterial fluid. Experimental mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, Western medicine group and TCM group. On the third day after infection, the Western medicine group was treated with linezolid, and the TCM group was given Qingjin Granules for gavage. The control and model group were given the same amount of normal saline for gavage. Body weight and clinical manifestations every day of each mouse after infected were recorded. Lung scans at day 3 and day 10 were taken; the pathological changes trough HE staining were observed; microbial load of lung tissue was detected. Results There were significant weight losses on mice except control group on the first day after infection. CT scan showed that the lung inflammation was filled with mice on the third day after infection. The lung inflammation in the TCM group was more reduced than model group, with less inflammatory exudate and only scattered inflammatory exudates. Meanwhile, pulmonary inflammatory pathology was reduced and the amount of bacteria were reduced in the lungs of TCM group (P<0.05), but it was less effective than linezolid (P<0.05). Conclusion Qingjin Granules can significantly reduce the microbial load of the lung and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue of mice, achieving the efficacy of treating MRSA pneumonia in mice.

Flexible Ureteroscopic Management of Horseshoe Kidney Renal Calculi

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of flexible ureteroscope (F-URS) combined with holmium laser lithotripter in treating renal calculi in horseshoe kidney.Materials and Methods:From November 2010 to December 2013, the medical history and charts of sixteen patients (mean age 42.9±11.6 years, range 26-66 years), including 13 males and 3 females were analyzed retrospectively. Mean stone burden was 29±8 mm (range 17-42 mm2). Mean stone digitized surface area (DSA) was 321±94 mm2 (range 180-538 mm2). Under spinal anesthesia in a modified lithotomy position with the head down, rigid ureteroscope was placed firstly into the ureter to reach the level of the pelvis, a zebra guide wire was inserted and following the removal of the rigid ureteroscope, an ureteral access sheath was positioned along the guide wire, then passed the URF P-5 flexible ureteroscope into the renal cavities over the guidewire. After locating the stones, holmium laser lithotripsy was performed.Results:The average operative time was 92±16 minutes (range 74-127 min.). No major complications were encountered. Ten patients obtained stone-free status with one session, four obtained stone-free status after two sessions. Single session stone-free rate was 62.5%, overall stone-free rate was 87.5%. Two patients have small residual stones in the lower pole.Conclusions:F-URS combined with holmium laser lithotripter and nitinol basket, is safe and effective in dealing with moderate stone diameter (<30 mm) in HSKs with high clearance rates and low complication rates.

Analysis of monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in Cangzhou city, Hebei province, from 2007 to 2009 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the situation of iodine deficiency disorders of Cangzhou city, Hebei province, in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods From 2007 to 2009, dynamic monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders was carried out in low iodized salt coverage places Hejian city and Xian county. Nine towns were randomly chosen in each county, 4 administrative villages were randomly selected in each town, 8 household salts were tested in each village. Every year, 1 - 3 copies of residents water samples were collected for determination of iodine; more than 100 students age 8 - 10 years old were checked the situation of goiter and urinary iodine, more than 40 students selected were measured iodine content of salt from their home; more than 50 women of childbearing age 18 - 40 years were tested of urinary iodine. Thyroid was examined with palpation; water iodine and urine iodine concentration were measured with arsenic-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry; salt iodine was detected by direct titration. Results From 2007 to 2009,median household salt iodine were 4.3,15.9,3.6,18.4,4.6,11.7 mg/kg in Hejian city and Xian county, respectively,iodized salt accounted for 34.03% (98/288), 78.82% (227/288), 29.86% (86/288), 84.72% (244/288), 37.15%(107/288),49.31% (142/288), respectively, the consuming rate of iodized salt were 27.08% (78/288),36.46%( 105/288 ), 28.13% (81/288 ), 49.31% ( 142/288 ), 37.15 % ( 107/288 ), 30.90% ( 89/288 ), respectively. Ten samples of drinking water were tested, water iodine were 5.5 - 34.4 μg/L. From 2007 to 2009, the goiter rate of students aged 8 - 10 years old was below 5%, the median of urinary iodine were 138.1,176.6,112.0 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 31.6% ( 65/206 ), 25.0% ( 52/208 ) and 44.4% (91/205 ). The median of urinary iodine of child-bearing age women were 167.3,164.2,78.1 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 28.7%(29/101 ), 19.2%(20/104) and 60.0%(60/100).Conclusions In areas with low coverage of iodized salt, iodine nutrition level are affected, the child-bearing age

Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib sensitizes Hep-2 human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells to ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine if proteasome inhibitor bortezomib leads to enhanced radiation sensitivity of Hep-2 human laryngeal cancer cells and the relative mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hep-2 cells with or without bortezomib were irradiated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Gy. Growth and clonogenic survival data were obtained to assess effects of treatment on radiosensitization. In vitro results were tested in vivo using a Hep-2 xenograft model. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was determined by Trans AM NF-kappaB P65 kit. The distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Morphological evidence of apoptotic cells were observed with Hochest 33342.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It decreased cell growth and clonogenic survival. A 34% increase in radiosensitivity was observed for cells treated with bortezomib and radiation. Enhancement factor (EF) was 1.46 in Hep-2 xenografts receiving radiation and bortezomib. NF-kappaB activation was induced by radiation and inhibited by pretreatment with bortezomib, and was in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.989, P < 0.05). Hep-2 cells treated with 100 nmol/L Bortezomib were arrested at G2-M phase (t = 22.31, P = 0.000) and resulted in all increased apoptosis with and without irradiation (P < 0.01). Morphological evidence of apoptotic cells could be distinguished under the fluorescence microscope after staining with Hochest 33342. Many nuclear fragments were observed in Hep-2 cells with bortezomib.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bortezomib could enhanced the radiosensitivity of Hep-2 laryngeal cancer cells by regulation of the distribution of cell cycle.</p>

Expression and purification of thermostable alpha-glucuronidase from Thermotoga maritima / 生物工程学报

The xylanolytic enzymes found in Thermotoga maritima showed extremely high thermostability and considerable potential in industrial application. Yet expression level of the genes encoding these enzymes was very low. The alpha-glucuronidase gene aguA from T. maritima ATCC 43589 was cloned and expressed in several E. coli strains with different vector. The alpha-glucuronidase was overexpressed in E. coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIL with plasmid pET-28a(+), and made up about 20% of the total proteins present in the intracellular soluble fraction. The results proved the assumption that rare codons for arginine (AGA/AGG) and isoleucine (AUA) affect the expression of aguA gene from hyperthermophilic bacterium T. maritima in E. coli. Purification procedure included two steps, heat treatment and immobilized metal affinity chromatography, and over 13.5mg of pure enzyme was obrained from 1L of induced culture. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a purification of 5.1 fold, and a yield of 55.1%. The optimum activity of recombinant alpha-glucuronidase was found at pH 6.0 and 85 degrees C, the enzyme retained 70% of its activity after 1 h of incubation at 85 degrees C. The induction conditions for expression of recombinant strain BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIL/pET-28a-aguA were studied on induction time and duration by IPTG. The results showed that the activity of thermostable alpha-glucuronidase reach the maximum in 5-hour after inducted at the exponential phase (OD600 of 0.7 - 0.8).

Screening of antidepressant fractions of banxia houpu decoction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the antidepressant fractions of Banxia Houpu Decoction.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Behavioral despair models in mice were used to evaluate antidepressant activities and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in regions of animal brains were determined with spectrophotofluoremetry method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The extract of Banxia Houpu Decoction (AE) and its four fractions were able to elicit time-dependent reducing of duration of immobility in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test in mice. Among these test samples, AE, petrol fraction (AE-1) and water soluble fraction (AE-4) were more potent, but there was no significant difference between them. AE significantly increased 5-HT level in mice striatum and NE level in mice cortex, respectively, and did not affect any monoamine neurotransmitters in other regions of animal brain. AE-1 elevated 5-HT level in the striatum and the NE and DA level in the cortex, chloroform fraction (AE-2) only significantly increased DA level in cortex.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Banxia Houpu Decoction has antidepressant effect. The active parts are in AE-1 and AE-4. The antidepressant action of Banxia Houpu Decoction is probably by mediated in part through many monoamine neurotransmitter systems.</p>